Home | | Psychology | | Share This Page |
Reddit's effort to censor psychology's critics
Portions Copyright © 2012, Paul Lutus — Message Page
Most recent editorial update:
(double-click any word to see its definition)
But today, a Reddit moderator wrote me directly, in a private communication, and demanded that I stop discussing the topic of psychology in the forum he runs (AskScience), or be banned.
On reading what follows, readers may object that I'm not being ordered not to post on the topic of psychology at all, only that I am forbidden from saying that psychology isn't a science. My reply is that, consistent with the principles of free speech, if I can't speak freely, then I can't speak at all — any posts I made under this prohibition would mislead readers that an open discussion was taking place — and the moderator who posted his censorship order obviously hasn't thought through the implications of his position.
Does Reddit have the right to do this? They and their moderators certainly think so — forum content is commonly monitored and sometimes censored based on the personal tastes of moderators, as in this case [but see below for a legal update].
Don't get me wrong. There are legitimate reasons to exclude content — libelous remarks and medical advice are two examples — but censorship based on the specific views of a poster on a particular topic is uncommon. However, as the following exchange shows, it does happen.
The stated basis for the censorship is that psychology is listed as a science in the forum's sidebar, along with economics, anthropology and engineering, therefore ipso facto, it's a science, and anyone who asserts otherwise will be silenced.
In online discussions, people often describe engineering as unscientific, and on excellent grounds (engineering isn't a science), but without hearing from Reddit's censors. The reason? Engineers aren't defensive about their profession's standing as a non-science. But psychologists certainly are — I've been having conversations for years with psychologists who think saying psychology is a science is a reasonable substitute for making psychology a science.
But the exchange that follows raises the bar — open, vigorous disagreement is one thing. Censorship is another.
Legal Update 2018
A recent legal ruling against Donald Trump (you know — the President?) has established that it is a crime, a civil rights violation, to censor or ban social media participants solely on the basis of their views. I emphasize that this kind of censorship has always been a crime — the court's ruling only makes it easier to prosecute offenders (by citing established precedent).(To protect the responsible individual from further embarrassment, I have removed his identity from what follows.)
This ruling is just one step toward bringing online social media into conformity with printed media, where this kind of censorship has always been a crime since the founding days of the republic.
(This follow-up appeared unexpected, many months after the above exchange)
If "philosophers can't decide what is and isn't science" and if philosophers were actually in charge of this issue, then, for lack of a demarcation line, everything is science.
Unfortunately, if everything is science, then nothing is science.
But in reality, science has a definite meaning and its meaning is accessible to anyone not brain-damaged.
Science differs from non-science by being willing to compare its ideas to reality — "reality-testing".
Those ideas that fail comparison with reality are cast out. This is called "falsifiability" — a scientific theory must be testable (comparable to empirical reality) and a meaningful empirical test must conclusively either support or falsify the theory.
If a theory cannot be compared to reality and possibly falsified, then that theory is not scientific.
Further, if a field's defining theories cannot be compared to reality and possibly falsified, then that field is not scientific.
This is what distinguishes astronomy from astrology — astronomy compares its defining theories to reality, the theories survive the comparison, astronomy is a science. Astrology's theories are compared to reality, the comparison fails, astrology is not a science.
The conclusion is that the word "science" actually means something, it's easy to define, and its requirements are non-negotiable.
A field that possesses no central defining, empirically falsifiable theories — a field like psychology — cannot become a science unless and until it crafts and then tests such theories, and unless practical tests support those theories.
Neuroscience is defined as study of the brain (and the nervous system). Because the brain can be located, measured, and weighed, neuroscience has the essential prerequisites of a science.
Psychology is defined as study of the mind. But the mind is not a physical organ — the mind cannot be located, measured, weighed, and more important, its existence cannot be either confirmed or falsified in a scientific sense. This is why psychology is not a science.
The presence of scientists in a field, conducting scientific experiments, is not enough to make a field a science. Were this not so, astrologers — or Creationists, Scientologists, Christian Scientists, etc. — could simply hire some scientists, get them working in a laboratory, and their field would magically become a science.
Science has one more key property — skepticism. To a scientist, a claim is assumed to be false until evidence supports it.
A pseudoscientist takes the opposite position — a claim is assumed to be true until proven false. To a pseudoscientist, because Bigfoot's existence hasn't been (and cannot ever be) conclusively disproven, Bigfoot must exist. Just as with fairies, UFOs, the Loch Ness monster, and recovered memories.
How hard is that? And yes, dear reader, the distinction between science and pseudoscience is critically important — it's how we keep rank superstition out of public school classrooms and frauds out of medicine. Allowing pseudoscience to masquerade as science leads to tragedies like Recovered Memory Therapy, a bogus psychological practice in which thousands of innocent people were accused of imaginary sex crimes and families were destroyed by lies.
So Angry
Home | | Psychology | | Share This Page |